国务院关于鼓励华侨和香港澳门同胞投资的规定(附英文)
国务院
国务院关于鼓励华侨和香港澳门同胞投资的规定(附英文)
1990年8月19日，国务院
规定
第一条 为促进我国经济发展，鼓励华侨和香港澳门同胞（以下统称华侨、港澳投资者）在境内投资，制定本规定。
第二条 华侨、港澳投资者可以在境内各省、自治区、直辖市、经济特区投资。
鼓励华侨、港澳投资者依照国家有关规定从事土地开发经营。
第三条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内可以下列形式进行投资：
（一）举办华侨、港澳投资者拥有全部资本的企业；
（二）举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业；
（三）开展补偿贸易、来料加工装配、合作生产；
（四）购买企业的股票和债券；
（五）购置房产；
（六）依法取得士地使用权，开发经营；
（七）法律、法规允许的其他投资形式。
第四条 华侨、港澳投资者可以在境内的工业、农业、服务业以及其他符合社会和经济发展方向的行业投资。华侨、港澳投资者可以从各地方人民政府有关部门公布的项目中选择投资项目，也可以自行提出投资项目意向，向拟投资地区对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关申请。
国家鼓励华侨、港澳投资者投资举办产品出口企业和先进技术企业，并给予相应的优惠待遇。
第五条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内投资举办拥有全部资本的企业、合资经营企业和合作经营企业（以下统称华侨、港澳同胞投资企业），除适用本规定外，参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定，享受相应的外商投资企业待遇。
华侨、港澳投资者在境内进行其他形式的投资，以及在境内没有设立营业机构而有来源于境内的股息、利息、租金、特许权使用费和其他所得，除适用本规定外，也可以参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定。
第六条 华侨、港澳投资者可以用可自由兑换货币、机器设备或者其他实物、工业产权、专有技术等作为投资。
第七条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内的投资、购置的资产、工业产权、投资所得利润和其他合法权益受国家法律保护，并可以依法转让和继承。
华侨、港澳投资者在境内的活动应当遵守国家的法律、法规。
第八条 国家对华侨、港澳投资者的投资和其他资产不实行国有化。
第九条 国家根据社会公共利益的需要，对华侨、港澳同胞投资企业实行征收时，依照法律程序进行并给予相应的补偿。
第十条 华侨、港澳投资者投资获得的合法利润，其他合法收入和清算后的资金，可以依法汇往境外。
第十一条 华侨、港澳同胞投资企业在其投资总额内进口本企业所需的机器设备、生产用车辆和办公设备，以及华侨、港澳同胞个人在企业工作期间运进自用的、合理数量的生活用品和交通工具，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证。
华侨、港澳同胞投资企业进口用于生产出口产品的原材料、燃料、散件、零部件、元器件、配套件，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证，由海关实行监管。上述进口料件，如用于在境内销售的产品，应当按照国家规定补办进口手续，并照章补税。
华侨、港澳同胞投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家限制出口的外，免缴出口关税和工商统一税。
第十二条 华侨、港澳同胞投资企业可以向境内的金融机构借款，也可以向境外的金融机构借款，并可以本企业资产和权益抵押、担保。
第十三条 华侨、港澳同胞投资者拥有全部资本的企业，经营期限由投资者自行确定；合资经营企业和合作经营企业，经营期限由合资或者合作各方协商确定，也可以不规定经营期限。
第十四条 合资经营企业董事会的组成和董事长的委派、合作经营企业董事会或者联合管理机构的组成和董事长或者联合管理机构主任的委派，可以参照出资比例或者合作条件，由合资或者合作各方协商决定。
第十五条 华侨、港澳同胞投资企业依照经批准的合同、章程进行经营管理活动。企业的经营管理自主权不受干涉。
第十六条 在境内投资的华侨、港澳同胞个人以及华侨、港澳同胞投资企业从境外聘请的技术和管理人员，可以申请办理多次入出境的证件。
第十七条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内投资可以委托境内的亲友为其代理人。代理人应当持有具有法律效力的委托书。
第十八条 在华侨、港澳同胞投资企业集中的地区，华侨、港澳投资者可以向当地人民政府申请成立华侨、港澳投资者协会。
第十九条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内投资举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业，由境内的合资、合作方负责申请；举办华侨、港澳投资者拥有全部资本的企业，由华侨、港澳投资者直接申请或者委托在境内的亲友、咨询服务机构等代为申请。华侨、港澳投资者投资举办企业的申请，由当地对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关统一受理。
华侨、港澳同胞投资企业的审批，按照国务院规定的权限办理。各级对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关应当在收到全部申请文件之日起四十五天内决定批准或者不批准。
申请人应当在收到批准证书之日起三十天内，按照有关登记管理办法，向工商行政管理机关申请登记，领取营业执照。
第二十条 华侨、港澳投资者在境内投资因履行合同发生的或者与合同有关的争议，当事人应当尽可能通过协商或者调解解决。
当事人不愿协商、调解的，或者协商、调解不成的，可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议，提交境内或者其他仲裁机构仲裁。
当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有达成书面仲裁协议的，可以向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第二十二条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT OFINVESTMENTS BY OVERSEAS CHINESE AND COMPATRIOTS FROM HONG KONG AND MACAO
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF
INVESTMENTS BY OVERSEAS CHINESE AND COMPATRIOTS FROM HONG KONG AND MACAO
(Promulgated by Decree No. 64 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on August 19, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated with a view to promoting the economic
development of our country and to encouraging overseas Chinese and
compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao (hereinafter referred to as "overseas
Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao") to make investments
in China's inland areas.
Article 2
Overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao can make
investments in the various provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities
directly under the Central Government, and special economic zones in
China's inland areas.
Overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao are
encouraged to engage themselves in business operations of land development
in accordance with the pertinent regulations of the state.
Article 3
The investments made by the overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong
Kong and Macao may take the following forms:
(1) to establish enterprises with the capital wholly owned by the overseas
Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao;
(2) to establish equity joint ventures and contractual joint ventures;
(3) to carry out compensation trade, to process supplied materials, to
assemble supplied parts, and to carry out contractual production;
(4) to purchase shares and various bonds and debentures of existing
enterprises;
(5) to purchase real estate;
(6) to obtain land use right according to law and to engage in land
development operation;
(7) to use other forms of investment permitted under the laws and
regulations.
Article 4
Overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao can make
investments in various trades in China's inland areas: in industries, in
agriculture, in service trades, and in other trades that are in conformity
with the orientation of social and economic development. Overseas Chinese
investors and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao may select their
investment projects from the lists of projects made public by the
departments concerned under various local people's governments; they may
also put forward, of their own accord, proposals as to their investment
intent and file their applications to the departments of foreign economic
relations and trade or to the examining and approving organs designated by
various local people's governments located in areas where they intend to
make their investments.
The State encourages overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong
and Macao to make investments in the establishment of export-oriented
enterprises and of technologically advanced enterprises, and gives
corresponding preferential treatment to such enterprises.
Article 5
With respect to the various types of enterprises established with
investments by overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and
Macao - enterprises with the capital wholly owned by such investors
equity, joint ventures, and contractual joint ventures (hereinafter
referred to as "enterprises with investments by overseas Chinese and
compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao"), they shall all be operated in
accordance with these Provisions; in addition, they may also enjoy the
corresponding preferential treatment as enjoyed by enterprises with
foreign investments, in the light of the relevant provisions in the state
laws, decrees and regulations on external economic relations. Cases
concerning other forms of investment made by such investors in China's
inland areas, and concerning their dividends, interest, rental, royalties
and other incomes that come from China's inland areas without establishing
business offices here, shall be handled in accordance with these
Provisions, and, if need be, with reference to foreign-related economic
laws, decrees and regulations of the State.
Article 6
Overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao may make
their investments by using convertible currencies, machinery and equipment
or other physical goods industrial property rights, and proprietary
technology.
Article 7
The investment made in China's inland areas by overseas Chinese investors
and those from Hong Kong and Macao, the assets they have purchased, their
industrial property rights, the profits from their investments, and other
lawful rights and interests shall be protected by State laws, and may be
transferred or inherited according to law. Overseas Chinese investors and
those from Hong Kong and Macao shall abide by State laws and regulations
in their activities in inland areas.
Article 8
The State shall not nationalize the investment made by overseas Chinese
investors and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao or other assets
belonging to them.
Article 9
Where the state, in accordance with the needs of social and public
interest, has to requisition the enterprises with investments by overseas
Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao, the state shall
handle the case according to the legal procedures and the investors
concerned shall be duly compensated.
Article 10
The lawful profits gained by overseas Chinese investors and those from
Hong Kong and Macao from their investments, their other lawful incomes and
the funds after liquidation may be remitted out of China's inland areas
according to law.
Article 11
Machinery and equipment imported to meet the needs of enterprises with
investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
and, included in the total amount of investment, motor vehicles for use in
production, office equipment, as well as articles and means of
communications for personal use and within reasonable quantities, imported
by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao during the
period when they work in the aforesaid enterprises shall be exempted from
Customs duties and consolidated industrial and commercial tax, and also
from the application for import licences.
The raw and processed materials, fuels, bulk parts, spare and component
parts, primary parts, and fittings, which are imported by enterprises with
investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
for the production of export commodities, shall all be exempt from Customs
duties and consolidated industrial and commercial tax and also from the
application for import licences and placed under the supervision of the
Customs. In case that the aforesaid imported materials and parts are used
for the production of commodities to be sold on China's inland markets, it
is imperative to make up the procedures for importation and to pay taxes
and duties according to the regulations.
The export commodities produced by the enterprises with investments by
overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao shall, with the
exception of those commodities the exportation of which is under
restriction by the State, be exempt from Customs duties on export goods
and consolidated industrial and commercial tax.
Article 12
Enterprises with investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong
Kong and Macao may obtain loans from financial institutions in China's
inland areas; they may also obtain loans from financial institutions
outside China's inland areas, and may use their assets as well as their
rights and interests as mortgage or security.
Article 13
With respect to enterprises with the capital wholly owned by overseas
Chinese investors and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, their period
of operation shall be determined by the investors themselves; as to equity
joint ventures and contractual joint ventures, their period of operation
shall be determined, through consultation, by the various parties to the
above-said joint ventures; they may also set no limit to the period of
operation.
Article 14
The composition of the board of directors of joint ventures and the
appointment of the chairman of the board of directors, the composition of
the board of directors or of the joint management organs of contractual
joint ventures and the appointment of the chairman or the appointment of
the director of the joint management organs, shall be determined, through
consultation, by the various parties to the equity joint ventures or to
the contractual joint ventures in the light of the proportion of
investments or the terms of contract.
Article 15
Enterprises with investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong
Kong and Macao shall conduct their operational and management activities
in accordance with the approved contract or articles of association. The
enterprises' decision-making power for business operations and management
shall not be interfered with.
Article 16
Overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao who have made
investments in China's inland areas, and the technical and managerial
personnel engaged from outside the boundaries of China's inland areas by
enterprises with investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong
Kong and Macao, may apply for multi-journey travel documents.
Article 17
Overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao who make
investments in China's inland areas may appoint their relatives or friends
residing in the inland areas as their agents. The agents should hold
legally effective letters of authority.
Article 18
In areas where enterprises with investments by overseas Chinese and
compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao are concentrated, overseas Chinese
investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao may apply to the local
people's government for the establishment of the association of overseas
Chinese investors and investors from Hong Kong and Macao.
Article 19
With respect to equity joint ventures and contractual joint ventures to be
established in China's inland areas, with the investments by overseas
Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao, the application for
the establishment of the aforesaid enterprises shall be filed by the
inland party; as to the enterprises to be established with capital wholly
owned by overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and Macao,
the application shall be filed directly by such investors themselves, or
they may entrust their relatives or friends residing in China's inland
areas, or entrust the institution providing consultancy services, with the
application. Applications for the establishment of enterprises with
investments by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
shall be accepted and handled exclusively by the local department for
foreign economic relations and trade, or by the examining and approving
organs designated by the local people's government.
The examination and approval of the applications for the establishment of
enterprises with investments from overseas Chinese and compatriots from
Hong Kong and Macao shall be handled in accordance with the authorization
by the State Council. Departments for foreign economic relations and trade
at the various levels or the examining and approving organs designated by
the local people's government shall, within forty-five days of receipt of
complete application documents, make the decision on whether the said
application is approved or disapproved.
The applicant shall, within thirty days of receipt of the written
approval, file an application to the department for the administration of
industry and commerce, and, in accordance with the relevant procedures for
registration and administration, go through the procedures for
registration and obtain the business licence.
Article 20
With respect to overseas Chinese investors and those from Hong Kong and
Macao who have made investments in China's inland areas, in case that a
dispute arises during the execution of or in relation to a contract, the
parties concerned shall try their best to settle the dispute through
consultation or mediation.
In case that the parties concerned are unwilling to settle the dispute
through consultation or mediation, or the dispute cannot be settled
through consultation or mediation, the parties concerned may, in
accordance with the stipulations of the arbitration articles in the
contract, or in accordance with the written arbitration agreement reached
by the parties concerned after the dispute has arisen, submit their
dispute to the arbitration authorities in China's inland areas or
elsewhere for settlement.
In the event that the parties concerned did not specify an arbitration
article in their contract, and no written arbitration agreement has been
reached after the dispute occurs, then the dispute may be brought before
the people's court.
Article 21
The right to interpret these Provisions rests with the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade.
Article 22
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
谈便民审判的构想
目前，随着各行各业职业化道德教育与发展，到处可见
“便民门诊”、“便民商店”、“便民……”等招牌。人民法院也掀起一场大的司法改革，进行法官职业化道德教育活动。如何体现公正、效率，是每个法院、法官都不得不冷静思考的问题。人民法院作为审判机关，也不能离开人民谈“公正与效率”。如何体现“三个代表”精神，方便群众参与诉讼，解决纷争，“便民”这个新词汇逐融入法院这个神圣的领地。所谓“便民”，就是在遵守诉讼程序前提下方便当事人诉讼，案件实行繁简分流，从立案、庭审、时间、地点等多方面方便当事人，在整个诉讼中全方位便民、利民。为此，笔者就便民审判的有关法律思考谈谈个人浅见：
一、 开展“便民审判”的重要意义
近年来，人民法院受理的民事案件呈大幅度上升趋势，在法院人力资源有限的情况下，科学的、合理的设置一些内部审判工作制度，充分利用人力资源，成为法院改革需要解决的一个现实问题。在审判实践中，法院所受理的民事案件，大多数是简单案件，但简单的案件，仍严格按照程序法的规定一步一步的进行，程序不能省略，加之这些案件数量众多，工作量相当大，占用承办人员大量的时间和精力，使审判人员在一定时间内既要审理一些比较复杂的案件，又要审判简单的案件，这样，常常会导致出现简单案件简不下来，复杂案件久拖不决，严重影响案件的审判质量和效率。因此，案件实行繁简分流，开展便民审判势在必行。
首先，便民审判的开展，既方便当事人的诉讼，又有利于审判效率的提高，可以杜绝马拉松式的诉讼；其次利于及时解决纠纷和化解当事人之间的矛盾，促进社会的稳定；再次减少了当事人诉累，提高诉讼效益与经济效益，体现法律严肃与公正，真正为群众排忧解难，将审判工作与法官职业道德教育有机融为一体。
二、 便民审判的法律依据
便民审判的法学理论基础是适用简易程序，在简易程序的基础上更加便民、利民。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百四十二条规定，基层人民法院和人民法庭对那些事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单民事案件可以适用简易程序审理。所谓事实清楚，是指当事人对争议的事实陈述基本一致，或者提供了确凿可靠的证据，无须审判人员更多的调查和收集证据即可查明事实；所谓权利义务关系明确，是指法律关系明确，法律规定具体，权利义务关系一目了然。比如赡养案件的当事人对权利的享有和义务的承担，就十分明确；争议不大，是指当事人对案件的是非、责任以及诉讼标的争议无原则分歧，比如借款案件的被告承认欠款，只是提出无钱偿还。因此，所谓便民审判，并非仅强调便民、利民，而违背法律的规定，任意抛弃法律规定的程序。便民审判必须在简易程序的框架内，思考方便当事人诉讼，提高审判质量与效率。
三、“便民”审判的具体运作方式和措施。
1、设立便民审判庭，配备政治素质高、业务素质强的法官、书记员组成便民审判庭人员，形成一个以“便民、利民”为目标的审判法庭。
2、便于当事人起诉、立案、应诉。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百四十三条规定：“对简单的民事案件，原告可以口头起诉，当事人双方可以同时到基层人民法院或者它派出的法庭，请求解决纠纷。基层人民法院或者它派出的法庭可以当即审理，也可以另定日期审理”。对于简单的民事案件，无论是口头起诉还是书面起诉，便民法庭不能附加条件限制，当事人可以自主选择。（1）便民审判庭受理的双方当事人同时到庭要求解决纠纷的，实行当日立案，当即审理，及时裁判，这样既节约时间，又方便当事人。（2）对一方当事人到庭的，立案后及时向另一方当事人告知起诉内容及权利、义务，及时通知双方开庭审理。（3）简化庭审方式，便民审判案件不受提前三日传唤当事人的限制，公开审理也可以不张贴公告。开庭审理时双方当事人陈述后，即可由审判员归纳、核对双方当事人没有争议的事实，然后仅对争执焦点，由双方举证、质证、。法庭调查和法庭辩论可融为一体。这样可以缩短庭审时间，提高审判效率。
4、规范、简化各类法律文书：便民审判庭的庭审笔录按案件的不同，分类格式化，实行填充式；法律文书按不同类别格式化存入电脑；对当事人提供填充式起诉状。
5、从开庭时间、地点上给予当事人方便。（1）对有特殊情况（如重病、有残疾等原因）的当事人采取预约开庭时间、地点的方式。对婚姻家庭类案件，当事人确实有特殊困难的，也可采取就地开庭审理的方式。（2）对因工作等客观原因不能在周一至周五到庭办事的当事人，便民审判庭可根据当事人的实际情况，利用双休日、节假日和工作外的时间为当事人办事；
6、设立热线电话，随时为当事人服务。便民审判庭设立热线电话后，法官可随时对电话咨询的当事人进行解答，一是让当事人及时准备好相关的诉讼材料到法庭参加诉讼。二是以电话这种现代通讯方式宣传法律知识，方便当事人学法、用法。
7、扩大便民审判范围，注重社会影响。便民审判庭对特殊的、社会影响较大的案件，可以到社区、厂区、农村进行审理。既真正方便当事人，又扩大社会影响，起到审理一案，教育一片的效果。
8、送“法”到家，便民审判不但注重案件数量、质量的审理，而且还应重视为群众传授、讲解法律知识，利用板报、街头宣传，各种形式开展法律知识讲座，扩大“法”的宣传范围，为普法工作作贡献。
四、“便民审判”的调解原则
1、重视调解的作用，全面适用调解原则。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第九条规定：“人民法院审理民事案件，应当根据自愿和合法的原则进行调解；调解不成的，应当及时判决”。第八十五条规定“人民法院审理民事案件，根据自愿的原则，在事实清楚的基础上，分清是非、进行调解”。诉讼调解是当事人在自愿、平等基础上的真实意思的表示，是化解矛盾，平息分争，维护社会稳定的一项重要制度。具有公正、迅速、彻底解决纠纷，节约审判资源等优点，应作为诉讼首先追求的目标。便民审判庭首先要练好调解基本功，要善于运用法律和心理学综合地调解，力求得到事半功倍的效果。因而在调解工作中要求审判人员既要讲究调解的语言艺术，又要做到说服教育有耐心、关心矛盾变化有细心、排忧解难有诚心、评判是非有公心。其次在诉讼的每一个阶段有针对性的进行调解：一是受理时可以进行诉前调解；二是在开庭前可以庭前调解；三是在庭审阶段注重调解。通过不同阶段的调解，使双方当事人的矛盾及时得到化解，从而起到促进社会稳定的作用。
2促兑现，多方保护当事人的合法利益。群众打官司就是希望自己的权利得到保护，自己的请求得到法院的支持。便民审判庭要做到调解为前提，兑现为目的，笔者认为应从三方面做好工作：一是抓好政策、法律、法规的宣传教育，使纠纷的解决有法可依。特别是对有给付义务的一方当事人进行法律、法规的学习教育，做好自觉履行义务的工作，从而提高案件的调解率，减少法律白条的现象发生；二是抓好责任是非教育，使纠纷的责任是非明确。如对人身损害赔偿案件，是非责任分清了，对负主要责任的一方进行重点教育，案件最终是可以调解结案的；三是抓好以和为贵的教育，使纠纷能更好的处理。如对婚姻家庭纠纷案件中，当事人都会认为对方有过错，审判人员在指出双方的过错后运用当事人的夫妻情、父母情、子女情等亲情纽带，使双方互谅互让，重归于好。
五、“便民审判”发展之构想
“便民审判”在法院审判工作中有重要作用，笔者所在法院已于去年成立便民审判庭，便民审判工作取得一定的成效。在此基础上，笔者就便民审判如何进一步深化、发展，谈谈自己的构想。
1、 扩大便民审判庭的受案范围：便民审判庭受理
的是简易程序的民事案件，具体包括以下几类（1）结婚时间短、财产争议不大的离婚案件，或有当事人有法律规定不能结婚疾病的离婚案件。（2）权利义务关系明确，只在给付时间和金额上有争议的赡养、抚养、抚育案件。（3）确认或变更收养、抚养关系，当事人双方争议不大的案件。（4）借贷关系明确，证据充分和金额不大的案件。（5）遗产和继承范围明确，争议遗产数额不大的继承案件。（6）事实清楚，责任明确，赔偿金额不大的赔偿案件。（7）事实清楚，情况简单，责任分明，争议焦点明确的房屋租赁，房屋借用，房屋代管等案件。（8）其它事实清楚、争议不大，是非分明的财产案件。在全院辖区内包括的上述的八类案件，便民审判庭均可以受理并审判。
2、 充实便民审判庭人员。因便民审判庭承担了全院
上述八类案件的审理，故相应充实、配置相关人员。根据统计分析，上述八类案件占全院民事案件的70%左右，故应充实力量组成便民审判庭。
3、 便民审判的目标考核标准更高。实行便民审判的
最终目标是方便当事人办案，快速、高效结案，因而对便民审判庭审判人员的目标考核应更高。比如：北京市西城区办案能手刘英法官一年办案1000多件。因而，便民审判人员办案的质量、数量、考核目标应定得更高，这样才能真正便民，提高审判效率。
4、 便民审判庭审判人员应轮岗，便民审判实行了案
件的繁简分流，长期从事简单案件的审理的审判人员，不利于其业务素质的深化和提高，也不利于法院审判人员的整体素质发展，因而审判人员应不断轮岗，长期审理简单案件的审判人员轮到审理疑难、复杂案件的审判庭，这样才有利于铸造精英法官，有利于法院审判人员的平衡发展，有利于法院树立公正形象。
5、 “便民审判”应注重保护弱势群体利益，为孤寡
老人、残疾人、妇女儿童弱势群体提供更为便利的服务，可上门开庭审理案件，即时为其解决纠纷。
6、 以调解结案作为“便民审判”的主线，进一步认
识到调解的重要性，抓出调解特色。可以利用社区主任、妇女主任、乡村干部、亲朋好友的力量进行调解。在高效结案的同时，达到最佳社会效果。便民审判还应加强指导人民调解工作，到社区、乡镇设立“便民调解室”，使群众切实感受到便民法庭、法官服务在身边。为群众诉讼，排忧解难打开了“方便之门”。
加大便民审判的适用，努力实践“三个代表”的重要思想，正确适用法律手段，便民、利民，是提高全民法律素质的重要措施，也是实现依法治国方略的重要手段。
何明莲 兰平
